Confirm the installation destination

When you first open this screen, no such devices will be displayed because they can not be automatically detected; to search for network storage devices Add a disk button and proceed with Section 5. All storage devices which will be used to install Fedora have a black circle icon with a white check mark on them.

Disks not marked by this icon will not be used during the installation - they will be ignored if you choose automatic partitioning, and they will not be available in manual partitioning.

USB storage devices such as flash drives and external disks will be shown in the Local Standard Disks as well, and they will be available for selection the same way internal hard drives are. Make sure to not select any removable storage as installation targets unless you really want to do so. If you accidentally use a removable drive to install Fedora and then unplug it, your system will likely become unusable.

Disk selection in the Installation Destination screen. Two disks are displayed; only the one on the right side will be used, because it is the only one with a check mark symbol.

After you select all disks you want to install Fedora, select one of the two options in the Other Storage Options section:. Automatically configure partitioning - If this option is selected, then after you press Done in the top left corner of the screen, the installer will determine the total amount of space on all selected disks, and it will create a Logical Volume Management LVM layout suitable for your system. The specifics of this layout depend on whether your system uses BIOS or UEFI firmware, the total amount of free space on your disks, and the amount of RAM on your system which determines the size of your swap space.

With automatic partitioning, you can also select the I would like to make additional space available option below. Use this option if you want to reclaim space from an existing partitioning layout - for example, if a disk you want to use already contains a different operating system, and you want to make this system's partitions smaller to allow more room for Fedora. The Reclaim space dialog which opens if this option is selected is described later in this section. I will configure partitioning - Select this option and press Done in the top left corner of the screen to configure your system's partitioning layout manually.

This requires some knowledge of the theory behind disk partitions and related concepts, but gives you full control over the way the system will be installed.

For instructions for manual partitioning, see Section 5. Encrypting your hard drive is recommended. If you lose the LUKS passphrase, any encrypted partitions and the data on them will become completely inaccessible.

There is no way to recover a lost passphrase. However, if you perform a Kickstart installation, you can save encryption passphrases and create backup encryption passphrases during the installation. See Chapter 9, Automating the Installation with Kickstart for information about Kickstart installations.

To control which one of your selected storage devices will contain the boot loader , click the Full disk summary and bootloader link in the bottom left corner of the screen, and follow the instructions in Section 5. Note that while in most cases it is sufficient to leave the boot loader in the default location, some configurations for example, systems which require chain loading from another boot loader will require the boot drive to be specified manually.

After you select storage devices, choose between automatic and manual partitioning, configure encryption and boot loader location, press Done in the top left corner of the screen. Then, depending on your settings, the following will happen:. To confirm your changes, click Accept Changes to return to the Installation Summary page.

To partition additional devices, select them in the Installation Destination screen, return to the Manual Partitioning screen, repeat the steps outlined in this section for the additional devices. In some situations, such as when these directories are placed on an iSCSI drive or an FCoE location, the system can either be unable to boot, or hang with a Device is busy error when powering off or rebooting. File System Types. Red Hat Enterprise Linux allows you to create different device types and file systems.

The following is a brief description of the different device types and file systems available, and how they can be used. Device Types standard partition - A standard partition can contain a file system or swap space, or it can provide a container for software RAID or an LVM physical volume.

LVM can improve performance when using physical disks. For information on how to create a logical volume, see Section 8. LVM thin provisioning - Using thin provisioning, you can manage a storage pool of free space, known as a thin pool, which can be allocated to an arbitrary number of devices when needed by applications. The thin pool can be expanded dynamically when needed for cost-effective allocation of storage space.

Anaconda does not support overprovisioned LVM thin pools. This is a safety measure to ensure that you can extend either the metadata volume or the data volume of your thinly provisioned logical volume. One RAID partition is assigned to each disk on the system. File Systems xfs - XFS is a highly scalable, high-performance file system that supports file systems up to 16 EiB approximately 16 billion GiB , files up to 8 EiB approximately 8 billion GiB , and directory structures containing tens of millions of entries.

XFS supports metadata journaling, which facilitates quicker crash recovery. The XFS file system can also be defragmented and resized while mounted and active.

This file system is selected by default and is highly recommended. These include support for larger file systems and larger files, faster and more efficient allocation of disk space, no limit on the number of subdirectories within a directory, faster file system checking, and more robust journaling. Using a journaling file system reduces time spent recovering a file system after a crash as there is no need to check the file system for metadata consistency by running the fsck utility every time a crash occurs.

It provides the ability to assign long file names, up to characters. In other words, data is written to a swap partition when there is not enough RAM to store the data your system is processing. Each file system has different size limits for the file system itself as well as individual files contained within. Redundant arrays of independent disks RAIDs are constructed from multiple storage devices that are arranged to provide increased performance and, in some configurations, greater fault tolerance.

See below for a description of different kinds of RAIDs. A RAID device is created in one step and disks are added or removed as necessary. One RAID partition per physical disk is allowed for each device, so the number of disks available to the installation program determines which levels of RAID device are available to you.

For example, if your system has two hard drives, the installation program will not allow you to create a RAID10 device, which requires 4 separate partitions. RAID configuration options are only visible if you have selected two or more disks for installation. At least two disks are required to create a RAID device. Create a mount point as described in Section 8. By configuring this mount point, you configure the RAID device. Keeping the partition selected in the left pane, select the configuration button below the pane to open the Configure Mount Point dialog.

Click the File System drop-down menu and select your preferred file system type see Section 8. Level 0 RAIDs offer increased performance over standard partitions, and can be used to pool the storage of multiple disks into one large virtual device. Note that Level 0 RAIDs offer no redundancy, and that the failure of one device in the array destroys data in the entire array. Mirrors all data on one disk onto one or more other disks.

Additional devices in the array provide increasing levels of redundancy. Distributes data across multiple disks, and uses one disk in the array to store parity information that safeguards the array in case any disk within the array fails. Because all parity information is stored on one disk, access to this disk creates a bottleneck in the performance of the array.

Distributes data and parity information across multiple disks. Level 5 RAIDs therefore offer the performance advantages of distributing data across multiple disks, but do not share the performance bottleneck of level 4 RAIDs because the parity information is also distributed through the array.

They are constructed by distributing data over mirrored sets of disks. Click Update Settings to save your changes, and either continue with another partition or click Done to return to the Installation Summary screen. If fewer disks are included than the specified RAID level requires, a message will be displayed at the bottom of the window, informing you how many disks are actually required for your selected configuration.

Partitions on physical storage are represented as physical volumes that can be grouped together into volume groups. Each volume group can be divided into multiple logical volumes , each of which is analogous to a standard disk partition. Therefore, LVM logical volumes function as partitions that can span multiple physical disks. Note that LVM configuration is only available in the graphical installation program.

During text-mode installation, LVM configuration is not available. Create a mount point for the LVM volume as described in Section 8. The Volume Group drop-down menu appears and displays the newly-created volume group name. Optionally, either click the menu and select Create a new volume group or click Modify to configure the newly-created volume group, if you need to. Both the Create a new volume group option and the Modify button lead to the Configure Volume Group dialog, where you can rename the logical volume group and select which disks will be included.

The configuration dialog does not allow you to specify the size of the volume group's physical extents. The size will always be set to the default value of 4 MiB. You can also mark the volume group for encryption and set the size policy for it.

The available policy options are:. Automatic - the size of the volume group is set automatically so that it is just large enough to contain the configured logical volumes. This is optimal if you do not need free space within the volume group. As large as possible - the volume group is created with maximum size, regardless of the size of the configured logical volumes it contains. This is optimal if you plan to keep most of your data on LVM and later need to increase the size of some existing logical volumes, or if you need to create additional logical volumes within this group.

Fixed - with this option, you can set an exact size of the volume group. Any configured logical volumes must then fit within this fixed size. This is useful if you know exactly how large you would like the volume group to be.

Click Save when the group is configured. Recommended Partitioning Scheme. Red Hat recommends that you create separate file systems at the following mount points:. Due to the limitations of most firmwares, creating a small partition to hold these is recommended. In most scenarios, a 1 GiB boot partition is adequate. The root directory is the top-level of the directory structure. While a 5 GiB root file system allows you to install a minimal installation, it is recommended to allocate at least 10 GiB so that you can install as many package groups as you want.

This file system should be sized based on the amount of data that will be stored locally, number of users, and so on. This will enable you to upgrade or reinstall Red Hat Enterprise Linux without erasing user data files. Swap file systems support virtual memory; data is written to a swap file system when there is not enough RAM to store the data your system is processing.

Swap size is a function of system memory workload, not total system memory and therefore is not equal to the total system memory size. Therefore, it is important to analyze what applications a system will be running and the load those applications will serve in order to determine the system memory workload.

Application providers and developers should be able to provide some guidance. When the system runs out of swap space, the kernel terminates processes as the system RAM memory is exhausted. Configuring too much swap space results in storage devices being allocated but idle and is a poor use of resources. Too much swap space can also hide memory leaks. The maximum size for a swap partition and other additional information can be found in the mkswap 8 manual page.

The following table provides the recommended size of a swap partition depending on the amount of RAM in your system and whether you want sufficient memory for your system to hibernate. If you let the installation program partition your system automatically, the swap partition size will be established using these guidelines.

One or more installation selections are missing source files on the destination server. The server will try to get missing source files from Windows Update, or from a location that is specified by Group Policy. You can also click the ""Specify an alternate source path" link on this page to provide a valid location for the source files. Share this:. Like this: Like Loading Related posts.

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